ESTWING-FRANCE

Geology is the science which historically dealt with the description and history of the outer layers of the Earth.
It has traditionally been interested in the composition, structure and evolution of the surface and superficial layers of the crust which, during geological processes, are sometimes buried below the surface, sometimes exposed at the surface.

Since the "60s", with the discovery of plate tectonics by a geophysical method (rock magnetism).
Geologists are now also interested in deeper areas of the earth's crust, Geophysics and geology are two different sciences but there are areas of overlap of one within the other ... The result is a mixing of ideas beneficial for all Earth sciences.

Geological sciences include several overlapping and often associated disciplines:

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• Geology and Physical Geology, which describes in geological terms the view that geophysics provides of the Earth;

• Structural or tectonic geology is the science which studies the deformations of the Earth and the structures of the Earth's crust produced by orogenic movements and by the movements of the Earth's plates;

• Paleontology studies fossils, that is, the fossilized remains of the many forms of life that have inhabited the Earth.

• Sedimentology studies the phenomena of rock erosion and the deposition of debris in the form of sediments,

• Petrology is concerned with the origin, formation and evolution of rocks, as well as their description.

• Mineralogy studies the nature, composition and crystal structure of minerals and relates to both geology and crystallography, the latter being part of physics;

• Geomorphology is interested in the origin and evolution of relief, and more particularly in the processes that interact by shaping landscapes. Most often, geomorphology is classified among the geographic sciences.

• Hydrogeology studies the geological aspects of hydrology,

• Limnology is concerned with the study of continental waters and the organisms that live there; it concerns both geological and biological sciences; likewise, pedology , which constitutes the science of soils.

• Volcanology studies the physico-chemical nature of volcanoes and their specific dynamics; it is classified both among the geological sciences and among the geophysical sciences,

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The geologist deciphers the secrets of the Earth, The geologist collects fragments of rock, fossils, takes gas at the top of a volcano. From microscope to aerial photography, he is interested as much in a sample of earth as in a uranium deposit.
The geologist is also looking for new deposits of raw material.
Observing and collecting materials is only part of the geologist's activities. He must also work in the laboratory, research documentation on the subject and propose new interpretations on the history of our planet. He has skills as a physicist, chemist and computer scientist. He can be assisted by a geological technician who takes samples to be studied (for probing and drilling) and performs chemical assays on the rocks. Field and laboratory work.

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